Nursing care of patients with colon cancer

Karcinom debelog crijeva je jedan od najčešćih karcinoma u ljudi. Podjednako se pojavljuje kod žena i muškaraca. Incidencija je različita u različitim dijelovima svijeta. Viša je u razvijenim zemljama, a niža u zemljama u razvoju. Najčešće obolijevaju osobe starije životne dobi. U Hrvatskoj se na godišnjoj razini dijagnosticira u gotovo 3 000 bolesnika. Karcinom se pojavljuje duž cijelog crijeva, a najčešće u proksimalnom dijelu. Karcinom debelog crijeva pripada vrlo zloćudnim tumorima, osobito ako se javi u mlade osobe. Najčešći simptomi kod karcinoma debelog crijeva su bol u trbuhu, promijene u pražnjenju crijeva (izmjena razdoblja opstipacije i dijareje) te krv i sluz u stolici. Dijagnoza karcinoma započinje uzimanjem anamneze i fizikalnim pregledom. Liječenje je uglavnom kirurško, a ovisi o lokalizaciji i stanju bolesnika. Kolostoma je trajno ili privremeno izveden dio kolona na trbušnu stjenku. Riječ kolostoma dolazi iz grčkog jezika i sastavljena je od dvije riječi -„colon“ što znači debelo crijevo i „stoma“ što znači otvor. Uloga medicinske sestre u njezi bolesnika s kolostomom od velike je važnosti. Bolesniku i njegovoj obitelji treba objasniti važnost kirurškog zahvata i uputiti ih u promijene koje će nastati nakon operacije. Nakon operacije bolesnik mora što prije, ovisno o svojim fizičkim i psihičkim sposobnostima, prihvatiti i usvojiti postupke koje će raditi cijeli život. Za vrijeme boravka u bolnici bolesnika je potrebno postupno upoznavati sa novonastalom situacijom. Kvaliteta života bolesnika ovisi o tome koliko su on i njegova obitelj usvojili postupke u njezi stome i prihvatili način života s stomom. Najvažnija što osobu s kolostomom treba naučiti je da i dalje treba živjeti život kao i ranije te biti aktivan i ravnopravan član obitelji.Colon cancer is one of the most common carcinoma in humans. It occurs equally in women and men. Incidence is different parts of the world. It is higher in developed countries and lower in developing countries. This kind of carcinoma most commonly affects older persons. In Croatia, it is diagnosed on an annual basis in nearly 3 000 patients. Carcinoma occurs throughout the intestine, and most commonly in the proximal part. Colon cancer belongs to very malignant tumors, especially if it appears in a young person. The most common symptoms of colon cancer are abdominal pain, changes in consistency of the stol (changes in period of constipacion and diarrhea), and blood and mucous in the stool. Diagnosis of cancer begins with anamnesis and physical examination. The treatment is ,ainly surgicyl, depending on the localization and condition of the patient. Colostrum is a permanent or temporarily derived part of the colon on the abdominal wall. The word colostom comes from Greek and consists of two words - "colon" meaning colon and stoma, which means hole. The role of nurses in the care of patients with colostomy is of great importance. The patient and his family should be explained the importance of the surgical procedure and refer them on the changes that will occur after the operacion. After surgery, the patient must, as soon as possible, depending on his physical and mental abilities, accept and adopt procedures that will have to do for a lifetme. During the patient's stay in a hospital he should be introduced to the new situation. The quality of life of a patient dependes on how much he and his family have adopted procedures in te care of the stoma and have accepted the way of life with stoma. The most important thing a person with a solostomy needs to learn is that he still has to live a life as before the surgery and be an active and equal family member