Surveillance analysis of the water quality for human consumption in Diamantina, Alto Jequitinhonha/MG: a study in Sopa district

O estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a implementa??o do Programa Nacional de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de Ambiental Relacionada ? Qualidade da ?gua para Consumo Humano no munic?pio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, identificar as formas de abastecimento de ?gua no munic?pio, diagnosticar as condi??es s?cio sanit?rias e o conhecimento das pessoas sobre a qualidade da ?gua consumida no distrito de Sopa. Ainda, objetivou georreferenciar as fontes alternativas de ?gua no cen?rio escolhido (Sopa) bem como analisar a qualidade microbiol?gica (coliformes totais e Escherichia coli) da ?gua consumida. Foram entrevistados os gestores do Programa e a popula??o residente no distrito de Sopa, por meio de question?rios estruturados. Elaborou-se mapa com a identifica??o georreferenciada das fontes alternativas utilizadas nas localidades rurais. Verificou-se que o programa Vigi?gua encontra-se implantado de forma incipiente no munic?pio e com poucas a??es de monitoramento e vigil?ncia da qualidade da ?gua. O distrito estudado apresenta condi??es de saneamento b?sico insatisfat?rias, uma vez que n?o possui rede de esgotamento sanit?rio, coleta regular de res?duos s?lidos e apresenta abastecimento de ?gua por rede de distribui??o somente na ?rea urbana. Identificou-se que a popula??o rural est? sujeita a consumir ?gua com qualidade sanit?ria duvidosa. As an?lises microbiol?gicas realizadas no sistema de distribui??o que abastece a sede do distrito estavam em conformidade com os padr?es de potabilidade estabelecidos na legisla??o, mas a qualidade da ?gua de todas as fontes alternativas pesquisadas apresentou contamina??o por coliformes totais e E. coli. Portanto, espera-se que o mapa contribua e auxilie com a identifica??o das fontes alternativas utilizadas pela popula??o, para que se tornem alvo de a??es da vigil?ncia da qualidade da ?gua. Faz se necess?rio e imprescind?vel a articula??o intersetorial para a execu??o e implementa??o efetiva do Programa Vigi?gua no munic?pio.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014.ABSTRACT The present learning had as main objective to evaluate the implement of the National Program of Vigilance at Environmental Health Concerning to the Quality of the Potable Water used for Human Consumption in the municipality of Diamantina, in the state of Minas Gerais. It takes aim at the ways used for the water supply in the municipality, to diagnose the social and sanitary conditions and also about the acquaintance the inhabitants have about that water consumed in the district of Sopa. Even so, is the aim to georreference the alternative sources of water supply for consumption in that chosen spot (Sopa) as well to analyze the microbiological quality (Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli) from the consumed water. The managers of the program and the residing population in the district of Sopa were means of a structural questionnaire. A map with a georeficiated identification of the alternative sources utilized in those rural villages was made. It has been remarked that the mentioned Vigi?gua program is actually implanted under an incipient way in that municipality with no suitable monitoring and vigilance actions concerning to the quality of the water. The above mentioned district presents no satisfactory conditions of basic drainage, since it does not process sanitary draining, a regular collect of solid residues and presents the water supply by a distribution network restricted to the urban area. It was identified that the rural population is subject to consume water a doubtful sanitary quality. The microbiological analysis accomplished in the distribution system that supplies the seat of the municipality were according to the standards of potability legally establised, but the water quality from all alternatives sources research presented a contamination by Total Coliforms and E. coli. Therefore it is expected the map can contribute and help in the identification of the alternative sources utilized by the population to be a target of actions in the vigilance of water quality. It is necessary the intersectional articulation to the effective implement of the Vigi?gua Program in that municipality