Fitoqu?mica e atividades biol?gicas de Miconia ferruginata DC. (Melastomataceae)

As plantas medicinais s?o fontes promissoras de novas drogas, em que a regi?o do Cerrado se destaca pela sua vasta biodiversidade. Dentre as plantas medicinais utilizadas nesta regi?o se encontra a esp?cie Miconia ferruginata DC. que ? conhecida como pixirica-do-campo ou babaten?o. Esta esp?cie ? utilizada no tratamento de doen?as de pele, e outras de origens inflamat?rias, parasit?rias e infecciosas, por?m os estudos qu?micos s?o escassos. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o perfil qu?mico e o potencial biol?gico da M. ferruginata (Melastomataceae). A esp?cie foi coletada no munic?pio de Diamantina, MG do qual foram preparados os extratos aquosos e etan?licos das folhas/flores e do caule. Por meio da triagem fitoqu?mica e das an?lises de CLAE-DAD-EM obteve-se um perfil qu?mico rico em compostos fen?licos. Foi poss?vel a identifica??o da presen?a de taninos, ?cidos fen?licos, flavonoides, e derivados glicosilados da quercetina. Pela an?lise dos constituintes vol?teis por CG-EM foi poss?vel identificar a presen?a de quatorze compostos, sendo eles pertencentes as classes dos sesquiterpenos, hidrocarbonetos, monoterpenos, fenilpropanoides e alco?is. No qual os sesquiterpenos ?-cariofileno e ?-humuleno foram os compostos majorit?rios, os quais s?o associados na literatura a diversas atividades biol?gicas, em especial a a??es anti-inflamat?rias, antif?ngicas e antitumorais. A an?lise das fra??es por CG-EM e CLAE-DAD foi poss?vel identificar catequinas, ?cido g?lico e flavon?is nos extratos aquosos e ?steres graxos e as subclasses das flavonas e flavon?is nos extratos etan?licos. Nas avalia??es biol?gicas os extratos etan?licos e aquosos apresentaram baixa toxicidade em c?lulas de mam?feros, em que a concentra??o selecionada para a avalia??o das demais atividades biol?gicas foi de at? 500 ?g/mL. Para a atividade antitumoral, os extratos apresentaram um grande potencial concentra??o dependente, com valores de IC50 variando de 56,44 a 180,4 ?g/mL. Bem como o tempo de exposi??o aumentou a pot?ncia de todos os extratos. Tamb?m foi observado que os extratos aquosos promoveram a inibi??o da prolifera??o de linf?citos estimulados por mit?genos, apresentando uma efic?cia em rela??o ? dexametasona, de 39,94% para o extrato das folhas a 45 ?g/mL, e de 57,3%, 137,4% e 251,8% para os extratos do caule a 15, 20 e 30 ?g/mL, respectivamente. Este efeito proliferativo pode estar relacionado ao potencial anti-inflamat?rio da M. ferruginata, relatada na medicina popular. Possivelmente, as atividades biol?gicas est?o relacionadas ao rico perfil qu?mico desta esp?cie, principalmente em compostos fen?licos. Para as atividades antimicrobianas, tripanocida 9 e leishmanicida n?o foram observadas a inibi??o do crescimento ou toxicidade frentes as cepas avaliadas. Desta forma este trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento qu?mico e biol?gico da M. ferruginata. Por?m ensaios futuros utilizando as fra??es e subst?ncias isoladas, se fazem necess?rios para fortalecer os dados aqui apresentados e para demonstrar quais os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nas atividades biol?gicas investigadas.Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are reassuring sources of new drugs, in which the Cerrado region stands out for its broad biodiversity. Among the medicinal plants used in this same region is the species Miconia ferruginata DC. which is also known as pixirica-docampo or babaten?o. This species is used in the treatment of skin diseases, and other inflammatory, infectious and parasitic sources, despite the chemical studies about it are lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the chemical profile and biological potential of the M. ferruginata (Melastomataceae).The species was collected in Diamantina, MG, in which it was prepared for water and ethanol extraction of the leaves/flowers and stem. Through phytochemical screening and analysis of HPLC-MSDAD, we obtained a rich chemical profile in phenolic compounds. The identification of tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, glycosides of quercetin and derivativeshas been detected. For the analysis of volatile constituents by GC-MS, it was possible to identify the presence of fourteen compounds, namely belonging classes of sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids and alcohols. For that,? and?- caryophyllene, humulenesesquiterpenes were the main components, which are associated in the literature several biological activities, especially anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antitumor activities.In the analysis of the fractions by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD, we identified catechins, gallic acid and flavonols in aqueous extracts,including fatty esters and subclass of flavones and flavonols in ethanol extracts. Within the biological evaluations, aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed low toxicity to mammalian cells, wherein the concentration selected for analysis of other biological activities was up to 500 ?g/mL. For antitumor activity, the extracts showed a great potential concentration-dependent, with IC50 values ranging from 56.44 to 180.4 ?g/mL. Just as the exposure time increased the potency of all extracts, it was also observed that aqueous extracts promoted inhibition of the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, showing a efficacy when compared to dexamethasone, 39.94% for the extract from the leaves of 45 ?g/mL, and 57.3%, 137.4% and 251.8% for the extracts of stem of 15.20 and 30 ?g/mL, respectively. This proliferative effect may be related to the anti-inflammatory potential of M. ferruginata, reported in folk medicine. Possibly, the biological activities are related to the rich chemical profile of this species, mainly in phenolic compounds. For the antimicrobial, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities, we have not observed growth inhibition or toxicity fronts of the evaluated strains. Thus 11 this work contributed to the chemical and biological knowledge of M. ferruginata. Nevertheless, future trials using isolated fractions and substances are needed to strengthen the data presented here and to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the biological activities investigated. It is likely that the biological activities are related to the rich chemical profile of this species, mainly regarding phenolic compounds. For antimicrobial activity, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal, it was not observed growth inhibition or toxicity regarding the evaluated strains. Thus, this work contributed to the chemical and biological knowledge of the M. ferruginata. However, future trials using isolated fractions and substances are needed to strengthen the data presented here and to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the biological activities hereby investigated