Desenvolvimento de dispositivo de fototerapia para aumento de desempenho e recupera??o do exerc?cio f?sico de alta intensidade e curta dura??o

Introdu??o: A capacidade de um indiv?duo gerar e manter pot?ncia pico elevada ? fundamental para o desempenho no exerc?cio f?sico de alta intensidade. Assim, o desenvolvimento e o estudo de novas tecnologias que possam aprimorar a desempenho ou minimizar a ocorr?ncia de les?es durante a recupera??o de exerc?cio de alta intensidade poderiam contribuir para a melhora da prepara??o e planejamento do treinamento. Objetivos: Confeccionar um aparelho para terapia com diodo emissor de luz, em um ?nico comprimento de onda, com uma maior ?rea de irradia??o e avaliar a influ?ncia desta terapia no desempenho f?sico, bem como em componentes metab?licos, par?metros inflamat?rios e de les?o muscular durante o per?odo de recupera??o de exerc?cio de alta intensidade e curta dura??o (30-s) no cicloerg?metro em homens fisicamente ativos e ciclistas. Metodologia: Primeira fase: (Estudo 1) Realizou-se estudo randomizado e balanceado para avaliar o desempenho, onde foram irradiadas 4 doses de terapia LED: LED placebo (0 J/cm2), LED 21s (3,6J/cm2), LED 42s (7,2J/cm2), LED 84s (14,4J/cm2), em dias distintos, com 24h de intervalo, antes de cada teste de Wingate (TW). (Estudo 2) 4 homens foram submetidos a coletas de sangue antes e ap?s (3, 60, 120 minutos e 24 horas) a realiza??o de TW para mensura??o das concentra??es plasm?ticas de CK, PCR, FIB. Segunda fase: (Estudo 3) Realizou-se estudo randomizado e balanceado onde foi realizado 2 TW, antes e ap?s tratamento com LED placebo(0 J/cm2) ou experimental (3,6J/cm2) em dias distintos, com 24h de intervalo para avalia??o do desempenho f?sico. Coletas de sangue antes o primeiro TW, bem como 3 minutos ap?s o primeiro e segundo TW e 24 horas ap?s o segundo TW foram realizadas para mensura??o de CK, PCR e FIB. A concentra??o sangu?nea de am?nia foi mensurada antes do primeiro TW e 4 minutos ap?s o segundo TW. Terceira fase: (Estudo 4) Realizou-se estudo randomizado e balanceado onde tr?s doses de terapia LED foram testadas: LED placebo (0 J/cm2), LED 23s (3,94 J/cm2) ou LED 46s (7,88 J/cm2), em dias distintos, com 24h de intervalo para avalia??o do desempenho f?sico. (Estudo 5) Realizou-se estudo randomizado e balanceado onde ciclistas foram submetidos a 3 condi??es experimentais: terapia LED, aquecimento no cicloerg?metro e controle, em dias distintos, com 24h de intervalo, antes de cada TW. Vari?veis de desempenho f?sico e atividade eletromiogr?fica do m?sculo vasto lateral foram avaliadas durante os 3 TW. Coletas de sangue antes, imediatamente ap?s cada condi??o experimental e 3 e 4 minutos ap?s o TW foram realizadas para mensura??o de lactato e am?nia. Resultados: O prot?tipo 1 e 2 n?o foram eficazes na melhora do desempenho f?sico de alta intensidade e curta dura??o, bem como em componentes metab?lico, par?metros inflamat?rios e de les?o muscular. Al?m disso, o TW pareceu n?o ter dura??o suficiente para promover les?o muscular e consequente altera??o em componentes metab?licos e inflamat?rios. A modalidade de aquecimento levou a melhora do desempenho f?sico quando comparada com a terapia LED e controle. Conclus?o: Os achados dos estudos realizados n?o evidenciaram a efetividade da terapia LED, nas condi??es experimentais propostas, no desempenho f?sico de alta intensidade e curta dura??o.Introduction: The ability of an individual to generate and maintain high peak power is critical to performance in high intensity exercise. Thus, the development and study of new technologies that can improve the performance or minimize the occurrence of injuries during recovery from high intensity exercise could contribute to the improvement of the preparation and planning of training. Objectives: Prepare a device for therapy LED, on a single wavelength, with a larger irradiation area and to evaluate the influence of therapy in physical performance, as well as metabolic components, and inflammatory parameters during muscle injury recovery period of exercise of high intensity and short duration (30s) on a cycle ergometer in physically active men and cyclists. Methodology: First stage (Study 1) was conducted randomized and balanced study to evaluate the performance, where 4 doses of therapy were irradiated LED: LED placebo (0 J/cm2), LED 21s (3.6 J/cm2), LED 42s (7.2 J/cm2), LED 84s (14.4 J/cm2), on different days, with 24 hours of interval before each Wingate test (TW). (Study 2) 4 men underwent blood sampling before and after (3, 60, 120 minutes and 24 hours) to make TW to measure plasma concentrations of CK, CRP, and FIB. Second phase: (Study 3) was performed randomized and balanced study which was performed 2 TW before and after treatment with placebo (0 J/cm2) or experimental (3.6 J/cm2) LED on different days, with 24 hours of interval for evaluation of physical performance. Blood samples before the first TW as well as 3 minutes after the first and second TW and 24 hours after the second TW were performed for the measurement of CK, PCR, and FIB. The blood concentration of ammonia was measured before the first TW and 4 minutes after the second TW. Third phase: (Study 4) was performed randomized and balanced study in which three doses of therapy were tested LED: LED placebo (0 J/cm2) , LED 23s (3.94 J/cm2) or LED 46s (7.88 J / cm2), on different days, with 24h interval for evaluation of physical performance. (Study 5) was performed randomized and balanced study where cyclists underwent 3 experimental conditions: LED therapy, heating in the cycle ergometer and control, on different days, with 24 hours of interval before each TW Variables of physical performance and electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis muscle were assessed during the 3 TW. Blood samples before and immediately after each experimental condition and 3 to 4 minutes after the TW were performed for measurement of lactate and ammonia. Results: The prototype 1 and 2 was not effective in improving the physical performance of high intensity and short duration, as well as metabolic components, inflammatory parameters and muscle injury. Moreover, TW did not seem sufficient to promote muscle injury and the consequent inflammatory and metabolic changes in component life. The mode of heating led to improved muscle performance compared to LED therapy and control. Conclusion: The findings of the studies did not demonstrate the efficacy of LED therapy, in the experimental conditions proposed, on physical performance of high intensity and short duration.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri,2014