Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), German zoologist, was the first major popularizer of Darwinism in Germany or more precisely of a monistic-materialistic evolutionism founded on some of the latest progress made in the natural sciences and which he exposed for the first time in his book : Generelle Morphologie der Organismen (1866). Neither materialistic nor idealistic, believing matter and spirit are inseparable, Haeckel s philosophy, which he called monism was based on the fundamental unity of organic and inorganic nature. It aimed at reforming morphology and above all at substituting itself for the Christian world's vision while rejecting the old metaphysical dogmas "theism, free will and immortality" and giving rational support to "the true, ...