Severe pectus excavatum with tracheal compression presenting with chronic cough

While pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall deformity in children, indications for surgical repair are still debated among experts. Some centers require demonstration of physiologic criteria prior to repair, even in the face of significant anatomic compression. We present a case of a 16-year-old male with severe pectus excavatum who presented with a 3-year history of a chronic barking cough and exercise-induced shortness of breath. Radiographic imaging demonstrated compression of the trachea and bilateral mainstem bronchi secondary to severe pectus excavatum deformity. Despite his severe pectus deformity, preoperative physiologic testing demonstrated normal to near-normal cardiopulmonary function. Minimally invasive repair of the chest wall defect (modified Nuss procedure) provided rapid alleviation of symptoms, and a significant improvement in quality of life. Keywords: Pectus excavatum, Tracheal compression, Chronic coug