THE MOSAIC THEORY OF NATURAL COMPLEXITY: A scientific and philosophical approach

Online and open access:http://books.openedition.org/emsha/200International audienceWhat is complexity? The present work will offer a description of complex systems based on two general principles: juxtaposition of similar units and then integration of these units, once modified, into structures at a higher level of which they become parts. As in a mosaic, however, these parts within the higher level or structure, retain some independent properties and autonomy. The model is based directly on observations of living organisms: cells or organs retain their autonomy functioning within a given organism, and individual organisms have autonomy when functioning as part of a population or society