Betulinic Acid, the first lupane-type triterpenoid isolated via bioactivity-guided fractionation, and identified by spectroscopic analysis from leaves of <i>Nyctanthes arbor</i>-<i>tristis</i>: its potential biological activities <i>in vitro</i> assays

<p>Betulinic acid was first time isolated via bioactivity-guided fractionation from ethyl acetate extract of <i>Nyctanthes arbor</i>-<i>tristis</i> leaves. Its structure was established by FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C- nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. It had shown excellent inhibition of anti-inflammatory properties with IC₅₀ of 10.34 μg/mL (COX-1), 12.92 μg/mL (COX-2), 15.53 μg/mL (5-LOX), 15.21 μg/mL (Nitrite), 16.65 μg/mL (TNF-α), and also exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 18.03 μg/mL. The anticancer activity of betulinic acid was evaluated against different human cancer cell lines. It showed significant cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines with an IC₅₀ of 6.53 (HepG2), 9.34 (A549), 14.92 (HL-60), 16.90 (MCF-7), 17.07 (HCT-116), 13.27 (PC-3), and 12.55 μM (HeLa). This is the first report on isolation and identification of the unreported lupane-type triterpenoid, betulinic acid from leaves of <i>Nyctanthes arbor</i>-<i>tristis</i>, which showed potent anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activity <i>in vitro</i> assays.