TENDENCIES AND PECULIARITIES OF SHRIMP FEED PRODUCTION

Aquaculture is food sector, which is growing rapidly in the last 25 years with annual growth rate 8,2 . One of the most perspective branches of aquaculture is shrimp farming. The cost of feeds is up to 80% of the cost of shrimp breeding, so providing the industry with high-quality feeds is the important goal of the feed industry in all over the world. The theoretical research was devoted to the task of compound shrimp feed production. In order to satisfy shrimp requirements, shrimp feeding systems were shown. Existing shrimp breeding systems are shown as different from the type of reservoirs (static / running water, indoor or outdoor), feeding methods, and the species of grown shrimp. Features of the nutritional standards for freshwater and saltwater shrimps were analyzed. Nutrient requirements of shrimp have been changed through shrimp life-cycle. The shrimp life-cycle was shown. World leaders-producers of compound mixed feeds for shrimps were shown. The analysis of pellet size and nutritional value of compound mixed feeds of crude protein content in prestart, starter, grower and finish periods of cultivation and in accordance with the system of cultivation and feeding shrimp (intensive, extensive, semi-intensive) is carried out. The requirements for the content of main minerals, vitamins and restrictions to the content of crude fiber are given. Traditional ingredients are described. Binders and preservatives, which are used for shrimp feeds, are shown and subscribed. In raw material the main problem is the need to ensure high protein content in the shrimp feed recipes. Because of many factors, fish meal quantity should be reduced in recipes. Because of its attractive amino acid content, availability and relatively affordable price, soybean meal and soy concentrates have received increasing attention as substitutes for marine animal meals. The features of technological lines and processes of production of mixed feeds for shrimp are shown. Еhe advantages and disadvantages of using the two most common processes of production of shrimp feeds (pelleting and extrusion), despite the relatively high cost extrusion, undoubtedly, is the main process of shrimp feed production. At the same time, there are challenges, which need to be overcome by the industry for effective further development: to produce environmentally friendly feeds, to conduct further studies in order to clarify the required nutritional value of shrimp feed and add amino acids, feed enzymes, chemo-attractants, probiotics, and immunostimulants, to provide the necessary water stability of pellets, and to increase feed conversion rate, develop regional, national, or international guidelines and codes of practices for both feed manufacturing practices and feed management practices, reduce fish meal in shrimp feed recipes. Despite the existence of problems, shrimp production is growing and the production of feed for their feeding has a great potential as an important source of animal protein in human nutrition