Spatial-temporal Prediction of Groundwater Level in Birjand Region Using Kriging Method

The water resources are limited and the groundwater levels decrease due to water abuse. This causes the lack of water problem in some regions of Iran. Therefore the hydrological and statistical methods needed for prediction of the water levels at a given location, region or times. The groundwater levels are variables changing by space and time, and their data can be considered as a spatial-temporal data set. Modeling of the correlation structures of such data is a major tool, for the prediction of unknown water level at some specified locations and times. This correlation structure is specified by fitting suitable variogram or covariogrammodels to the data. In this article some nonseparable covariance models were briefly reviewed. Then the spatial-temporal variogram of underground water levels were estimated as product and sum-product models. Finally the underground water levels of Birjand region was predicted using the universal kriging and give the contour map at the selected time. Moreover the prediction precision of different models were compared numerically