Telecommunication networks must be reliable and robust to ensure high availability of services. Operators are currently searching to automate as much as possible, complex network management operations such as fault diagnosis.In this thesis we are focused on self-diagnosis of failures in the optical access networks of the operator Orange. The diagnostic tool used up to now, called DELC, is an expert system based on decision rules. This system is efficient but difficult to maintain due in particular to the very large volume of information to analyze. It is also impossible to have a rule for each possible fault configuration, so that some faults are currently not diagnosed.We proposed in this thesis a new approach. In our approach, the diagnos...