Preparation of milk formula

Uvod: Pri uporabi mlečne formule v prahu moramo biti pozorni na pravilno pripravo obroka ter higieno stekleničk in cucljev. Prah namreč ni sterilen in lahko vsebuje najbolj problematično bakterijo, tj. Cronobacter sakazakii. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti raven zavedanja staršev o pravilni pripravi mlečnih formul ter pomen higiene stekleničk in cucljev. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela ter pregledali strokovno in znanstveno literaturo. V empiričnem delu smo uporabili kvantitativno raziskovalno paradigmo in naredili vprašalnik na EnKlikAnketa, s čimer smo pridobili rezultate o temi diplomskega dela. Vprašalnik je bil dostopen od 12. maja 2017 do 12. junija 2017. Rezultati so se nato obdelovali z računalniškim programom Microsoft Office Excel. Zajeli smo matere, ki imajo otroka, ki je star do 2 let, in so pri hranjenju uporabljale prilagojeno mleko. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 263 staršev. Čeprav matere med nosečnostjo načrtujejo izključno dojenje, se pozneje izkaže, da hitro posežejo po uporabi mlečne formule v prahu. Največ podatkov o pravilni pripravi dobijo prek interneta in v navodilih na embalaži. Tretjina staršev vnaprej pripravi obrok in ga shrani v hladilniku. Slabše so pozorni na čas vrenja in temperaturo vode, pri kateri naj bi se po smernicah Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije dodajala mlečna formula. Pri pripravljanju koncentracije mleka se držijo navodil proizvajalca in merico napolnijo rahlo poravnano z robom. Tri četrtine staršev preostanek mleka takoj zavržejo. Stekleničke in cuclje po hranjenju običajno pomijejo z vodo in detergentom ali samo z vodo. Manj kot polovica staršev si pred pripravo umije roke, slaba tretjina pa jih uredi delovno površino. Razprava in sklep: Z raziskavo smo dobili podobne rezultate, kot so navedeni v literaturi, tj. da se starši pogosto ne zavedajo pomembnosti pravilne priprave mlečne formule ter higienske oskrbe stekleničk in cucljev. Sprotna priprava obroka se jim zdi zamudna, zato posegajo po različnih krajših poteh, to pa za otrokovo zdravje ni najvarnejše. Kaže se velika potreba staršev po tem, da bi znanje pridobivali pri zdravstvenih delavcih.Introduction: When using the powdered milk formula, one must be careful to prepare the feed properly, ensuring the hygiene of bottles and teats. The powder is not sterile and may contain Cronobacter sakazakii, one of the most problematic bacteria. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to determine to what extent parents are aware of the safe preparation of milk formula and of the importance of bottle and teat hygiene. Methods: A descriptive method was used. An overview of professional and scientific literature was carried out. In the empirical part, a quantitative research paradigm was employed and a questionnaire was created on the EnKlikAnketa website through which the relevant results were obtained. The questionnaire was accessible from 12 May 2017 to 12 June 2017. The results were then processed by Microsoft Excel. Mothers with a child up to two years old who use adapted milk were included in the survey. Results: The survey involved 263 parents. Although at the time of pregnancy mothers plan to exclusively breastfeed, many of them start to use powdered milk formula shortly after childbirth. Most information on the safe preparation of milk formula parents obtain via the Internet and by reading the instructions on the packaging. One third of the parents prepare the feed in advance and store it in the refrigerator. Less attention is paid to the time of boiling and the temperature of the water at which the milk formula should be added according to the World Health Organization guidelines. When preparing the milk concentration, parents follow the manufacturer’s instructions and fill the scoop so that the powder is slightly aligned with the scoop’s edge. Three quarters of the parents discard the rest of the milk immediately. Feeding bottles and teats are usually washed with water and the detergent, or merely with water. Less than half of the parents wash their hands before preparing the feed and a weak third of them tidy the working surface. Discussion and conclusion: The research yielded the results similar to those in the literature, namely that parents are often unaware of the importance of safe preparation of milk formula, and of hygienic handling of bottles and teats. They find preparing the formula separately each time they want to feed their baby too time-consuming so they take various shortcuts. That, however, is not exactly safe for the baby’s health. There is a great need that health workers should educate parents on the proper handling of milk formulas