Healthy lifestyle in pregnancy

Uvod: Zdrav življenjski slog je opredeljen kot način življenja, ki zmanjšuje tveganje za resnejše obolenje ali zgodnjo smrt. Prav tako gre za način življenja, ki ob sprejetju zdravih navad posreduje pozitiven vzorec obnašanja celotni družini in skupnosti. V nadaljevanju smo želeli raziskati štiri najpogostejše elemente zdravega življenjskega sloga v nosečnosti, in sicer telesno dejavnost, prehrano, izogibanje kajenju in alkoholu. Gre za najbolj poznane elemente zdravega življenjskega sloga, na katere lahko nosečnice vplivajo same. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti življenjski slog nosečnic ter ugotoviti, koliko posameznic upošteva načela zdravega življenjskega sloga v nosečnosti. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna in kavzalno-neeksperimentalna metoda empiričnega raziskovanja. Uporabljen raziskovalni instrument je bil spletni anketni vprašalnik. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 240 žensk, ki so ali so bile vsaj enkrat noseče. Od tega je bilo največ anketirank, ki so bile prvorodke, z doseženo strokovno ali srednjo izobrazbo, zaposlene ter stare med 21 in 35 let. Večina anketirank je bila v nosečnosti telesno dejavnih, kot najpogostejšo obliko telesne dejavnosti so izpostavile hojo. Telesno nedejavnim nosečnicam je bila telesna dejavnost najpogosteje odsvetovana s strani ginekologa. Več kot 90 % anketirank se je v času nosečnosti prehranjevalo z mešano hrano, izogibale so se uživanju živil, ki predstavljajo tveganje za zdravje, med prehranskimi dopolnili pa so najpogosteje posegale po folni kislini. Prevladovale so nekadilke, nekaj manj kot polovica pa jih je kljub temu bilo izpostavljenih pasivnemu kajenju. V večini primerov pitje alkoholnih pijač v nosečnosti ni bilo prisotno. Razprava in sklep: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da načela zdravega življenjskega sloga pogosteje upoštevajo mnogorodke, starejše nosečnice ter tiste, ki so zaposlene in imajo doseženo višjo stopnjo izobrazbe. Kljub pozitivnim rezultatom je potreben večji poudarek na promociji telesne dejavnosti in ozaveščanju o škodljivosti pasivnega kajenja. Nosečnicam in njihovim partnerjem je potrebno nameniti več pozornosti v šolah za starše in ginekoloških ambulantah, saj lahko z ustreznim pristopom pomembno vplivamo na izboljšanje načina življenja posamezne nosečnice.Introduction: A healthy lifestyle is a way of living that lowers the risk of being seriously ill or dying early. It is also a way of living that provide a more positive role model for whole family and community. In the following we wanted to explore the four most common elements of a healthy lifestyle in pregnancy which are physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol. These are the well-known elements of a healthy lifestyle that pregnant women can impact themselves. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to investigate lifestyle of pregnant women and to determine how many individuals meet the principles of a healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. Methods: A descriptive and causal-non-experimental method of empirical research was used. The research instrument used was an online questionnaire. Results: The study involved 240 women who experienced at least one pregnancy. The majority of respondents were first time pregnant women, employed, aged between 21 and 35 years, most of them having completed high school level of education. Most of the respondents were physically active in pregnancy. The most commonly reported form of physical activity was walking. Most physically inactive pregnant women were advised by their gynecologist not to participate in physical activity. Over 90 % of respondents were consuming a balanced diet, avoiding food that pose health risk. The most commonly consumed dietary supplement was folic acid. Most of the respondents were non-smokers, althought almost half of them were exposed to passive smoking. In most cases alcohol consumption was not present. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study have shown that the principles of a healthy lifestyle were more commonly met by women pregnant with their second or subsequent child, those who were older, employed and who have attained a higher level of education. Despite positive results, more emphasis is needed in promoting physical activity and awareness of the harms of passive smoking. Pregnant women and their partners need more attention in prenatal education. With appropriate approach we can significantly influence pregnant women to improve their lifestyle habits