MPA, unlike NET, increases CCR5 levels and activation of T-cells in PBMCs after 24 hours.

<p>PBMCs were stimulated with 100 nM MPA, 100 nM NET or vehicle for 24 hours after which relative levels of CD25 and CCR5 were determined in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells using flow cytometry. Results are shown as either relative frequency of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells (a), CD4/CD8 ratios (b), relative frequency of cells expressing CD25 (c) or CCR5 (e), or relative MFI of CD25 (d) or CCR5 (f) in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. (a, c-f) show results from 10 independent donor experiments, while (b) shows CD4/CD8 ratios for 8 independent donor experiments. The data (a-f) are represented as mean ± SEM. Each point on the histogram shows the result from a separate donor, with experiments for each donor performed with vehicle, MPA and NET in parallel, and the value for vehicle set to 1. Statistical significance was determined by using a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA with Dunn’s post-test with * or ** denoting p<0.05 or p<0.01 respectively.