The urban mass movement in the Philippines, 1983-87

This monograph surveys the history of what I have called the 'urban mass movement', between August 1983 and October 1987. The movement - variously referred to as 'cause-oriented movement', 'people's power', and 'people's movement' - emerged as a protest movement during the Marcos years, when it campaigned for the removal of Marcos and for a new government which would institute democratic rule and carry out a range of social and economic reforms. 1 More specifically, these terms have been used to refer to the legal protest movement, as distinct from the underground, armed, revolutionary movement. During this period the legal mass movement flourished in both urban and rural areas but the centre of its activities was in the major urban settlements, especially Manila