Pseudospin and nonlinear conical diffraction in Lieb lattices

We study linear and nonlinear wave dynamics in the Lieb lattice, in the vicinity of an intersection point between two conical bands and a flat band. We define a pseudospin operator and derive a nonlinear equation for spin-1 waves, analogous to the spin-1/2 nonlinear Dirac equation. We then study the dynamics of wave packets that are associated with different pseudospin states, and find that they are distinguished by their linear and nonlinear conical diffraction patterns