This essay examines the work of Ronald Dworkin against the background of current debates about the role of courts in England and America. It begins by providing for a French readership an account of the current state of discussion about the role of the judiciary in politics. It considers arguments for and against the notion that the courts can be neutral in political issues, and connects this issue with debates about whether or not courts properly make law or should confine themselves to finding out what it already is. The essay offers a framework of concepts within which Dworkin's leading arguments relevant to these issues can be analysed. It then suggests directions in which the theory might be developed, as well as indicating the pitfall...