[[alternative]]VEHICLE DIAGNOSTICS DETECTION AND REAL TIME INFORMATION SYSTEM

博士電機工程學系[[abstract]]隨車診斷(On-Board Diagnostics, OBD)技術系統的發展是用來偵測車輛系統健康診斷上的錯誤訊息或不正常功能。故障或異常發生時此系統產生警告訊號給駕駛人及維修人員。然而，當警告訊息產生後，多數的駕駛人無法知道訊息的狀況以做處理。一般來說故障或異常的資料擷取必須依賴維修人員使用特殊工具才能獲得。基於如此實用需求，本論文提出一套新的車輛線上診斷與即時預警的系統，藉由此系統自動汲取隨車診斷資訊的功能，透過行動通訊或是其他車用無線傳輸傳遞到維修中心的伺服器上，以便立即因應。 數據廣播系統(Radio Data System, RDS)是一套已發展超過20年的成熟通訊系統，由於FM無線電的普遍性高、成本需求低再加上廣播的便利性，使得RDS適合用於大範圍與低載量資料的無線傳輸。本論文中所提出一套以RDS傳輸的車載資訊系統，並整合設計多樣數據資訊在此系統中。在天然災害的警示上，透過RDS的傳輸可以即時將災害資訊傳送至鄰近的路測單元或直接傳送至配備接收器之車輛。地面監控站上即時的監控資料可以經由無線傳輸被傳送到輕航機上的RDS接收器。由於RDS的發射端建置成本低，而車用導航應用的出現，也使RDS接收機逐漸普及且價格不斷下降，更加提升使用RDS作為傳輸工具的優勢。不過傳輸速度不快(1187.5bps)的缺點仍是必須詳加考慮的，本文希望能夠藉由資料格式的重新設計及編碼使RDS的傳輸能適用於車輛資訊的傳遞。 在行車安全的研究中，路口防撞警示系統占有極重要的地位，本研究希望透過架設路側感測器偵測並解算車輛移動時之行車速率、距路口位置及行車方向。探討這些車輛參數與防撞預警時間之關係，進而定義路口防撞警示系統之規範，以協助未來車間通訊路口防撞警示系統之開發，期能應用於實際的行車環境中。 透過車用電腦的整合，將本論文所提出的系統加以結合並實現。在加上一般常見的導航及多媒體功能，形成一套完整的車用電腦架構。軟體上採用微軟嵌入式XP作業系統，能夠使整個系統更加彈性且易於發展。 本論文中，對於所提出系統的軟、硬體設計與建置都有詳細的討論，並完成測試及相關的模擬。本系統的設計與測試皆符合智慧型運輸系統的新興需求，期望能夠為下世代的車用電子系統帶來貢獻。[[abstract]]On-board diagnostics (OBD) technical systems development are used to detect vehicle system health diagnosis of the error message or abnormal function. When fault or malfunction happens, the system will show warning signal to the driver and maintenance staff. However, most drivers will not know about the condition of the messages and how to repair. Generally speaking, the diagnostic trouble code (DTS) from vehicle microprocessor must be acquired from maintenance staff by some special tools. Based on such a practical demand, this dissertation presents a modification system construction from vehicle surveillance technology for OBD information to report in real time. The system can acquire diagnostic trouble code automatically and transmit to the maintenance center server by mobile communication or some vehicle wireless communications. From these messages, the maintenance center can settle fault or malfunction immediately. Radio Data System (RDS) is a mature technique which has been developed over the past 20 years. Due to the common use of FM radio, the traits of low estate requirement and the convenience in broadcasting, RDS is suitable for using in wireless transmission of wide-range and low-load data. This research proposes the application of RDS in the vehicle information. There are many kinds of information to be integrated and transferred into the system. For disaster warning, the RDS can broadcast message to the road side units and some vehicles which have RDS receiver. Because of the low-price of RDS broadcast station and the widespread of RDS receiver contributed by the application of RDS-TMC (Traffic Message Channel) for cars navigation system in recent years, using RDS as the communication system in this research is plausible in almost every aspect. Nevertheless, one thing leaves to be desired is the slow transferring speed (1187.5bps) of RDS, which is amended in this research by particularly designed data format to reduce the information load in each transmission. In the road safety study, intersection collision avoidance (ICA) systems are extremely important. This research hopes for using roadside sensors to detect and resolve vehicle velocity, direction and location from intersection. To discuss these vehicle parameters and ICA warming time relationship could define ICA warning system specification. The system creates future vehicle communication into ICA warning system development and can be applied to the real vehicle environment. The integration of Car PC will combine and implement the proposed system. To add common navigation and multimedia capabilities makes a complete set of Car PC schema. System software adopting Microsoft Windows XP Embedded operating system is able to make the system more flexible and easier to develop. In this dissertation, hardware and software in both design and implementation are discussed with verification tests. As a result, the application proposed in this dissertation can be feasible in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and hopes to make contribution for next generation telematics