Neo-liberal theory often appeals to the Schumpeterian notion of ((creative destruction» and to the assumed central importance of the entrepreneur. But it can be argued that, in modifying Marx's vision of capitalist development, Schumpeter stripped business cycles of their real destructiveness and unruliness. And it is unconvincing to interpret present economic problems as a Schumpeterian struggle between modernising enterprise and conservative societies. In particular, such an interpretation neglects the barriers to change which results from the defence of existing creditor positions, that is, it neglects the conservative side of capitalist production relations.La théorie néo-libérale fait souvent appel à la notion schumpeterienne de «destr...