Abstract : This article deals with the fight for independence centered on "les évolués" who were educated in the French schools. In spite of a demonstration of interest for independence from the beginning 1920s, the process ended in an independence without break with the former colonial power. After the Second World War, the elites which threw the fight for the self-determination such F. Houphouët Boigny or Léopold S. Senghor, finally locked themselves into the logics of negotiation with the Colonizer. They were denounced and fought by younger militants who took position from the 1950s. These activists or the former activists of the FEANF, the UGEAO and the UGTAN worked at the immediate independence. However, their low impact on the politic...