Application of shape optimisation to aircraft wing structures

The demand for more efficient and lighter structural components has shifted focus to formal optimization techniques in order to change the structure's topology automatically to achieve a given objective; for example, minimizing the weight of the structure without compromising on its performance. This paper explores the concepts for structural optimization employed in design improvement using the shape optimization technique. Shape optimization software has been successfully employed to optimize an aircraft wing structure, comprising stringers and skins to model structural parts. The mathematical methods of structural optimization are presented. A sensitivity analysis precedes the optimization process of the stringer-skin structure. The stringers are repositioned on the skin while maintaining a smooth shape after the optimization process. It was found that the performance of the structure improved. Shape optimization can enable weight savings as well as long term cost benefits, while ensuring that the component is structurally sound and can be commercially manufactured