Whereas the passage toward a market economy in East Europe entailed sharp drops in production, employment in industry, and living standards, the Chinese economy has literally taken off since reforms started in 1978 and were twice accelerated (around 1980 and in 1992-1994). Structural factors, the low initial level of industrialization, the eastern Asian pole of strong economic growth, all this does not suffice to explain the dissymmetry between China and Eastern Europe. Nonetheless, China's success story cannot be cited as proof of the overall superiority of "gradualism" over "shock therapy", since the country is far from having an optimal gradualist strategy. China's experimental approach has managed to propel the economy because reforms w...