The Bulgarian transition since 1991 was marked by two huge "financial pyramids" which erupted into the 1996-1997 crisis. From January to September 1996, there was an open banking panic, followed by a fiscal and public debt crisis due to ever rising interest payments, the sudden drop in the real value of tax revenues, and widespread expectations that the country would default on its foreign debt. This led to a quasi- hyperinflation in January and February 1997, followed by a remarkably fast stabilization. These different phases are analyzed, including from a political economy viewpoint; an assessment is then made of the Currency Board set up on July,l 1997. Attention is drawn to the importance of quantitative and expectational factors, which...