For Kant moral evil has its origin in a free act. It is a lie which can rely on the particular nature of human freedom and give the appearance of it in a purely formal way. But Kant holds that this perversion occurs in every man, without explaining this universality. It is striking to see Rousseau using schemas fundamentally very alike to those of Kant, but in describing not individual, but collective perversion of freedom. By bringing together the two doctrines on the problem of evil one can, in a manner more satisfying for the mind than numerous considerations attempted hitherto, show the link between moral evil concealed in the heart of personal intimacy and the objective social structures of alienation. The A. has also attempted to show...