ABSTRACT : The Historical relations between linguistics, models of language acquisition and language teaching are complex and, when they are evidenced, are certainly not unilateral. The option suggested, for methodological reasons, is to study these relations at two historical moments (end of XVIIIth and beginning of XlXth century, passage from XlXth to XXth century) when, in France, important transformations take place in the scientific field, in language policies and in projects related to school and education, with the emergence of new groups of social actors.RESUME : Les relations historiques entre sciences du langage, conceptions de l'acquisition et didactique des langues sont complexes et, quand elles sont attestées, ne relèvent pas d...