This paper aims at tracing the clinical approach based upon psychoanalysis back to its historical origins. It is shown that, in spite of the label "clinical" that is being usea by several subjects (such as psychology and sociology), the clinical approach is both specific and autonomous, even if it maintains close relationships with psychoanalysis. More particularly, the clinical approach has two main characteristics: it focuses upon unconscious processes (in the Freudian sense), and it studies the transferential relationship between researchers and their subjects. As a consequence, the usual criteria of scientificity involved in the experimental method are inadequate and should not be used to evaluate clinical studies processes (in the Freu...