Images are everywhere. They seem to us very similar to the objects they represent. However, their understanding does not occur without didactic problem. This article tries to explore this field with the opposition of two types of icons : photograph and diagram. How to explain why pupils read them differently ? What place should we attribute to each of them ? In which context ? We use semiotic notions of code and of "iconicity" degree to construct some didactic approach of image in experimental sciences.Les images sont partout présentes. Elles nous sont familières et paraissent, de plus, proches de l'objet qu'elles représentent. Pourtant, leur compréhension pose des problèmes didactiques certains. Cet article tente de défricher une partie de...