SUMMARY. — This paper situates the birth of simulation in economics within the military-industrial-social science complex of 1960 cold war America. At that date, the term referred to role-playing and computer-based experiments or to their combinations. Those economists participating in this work perceived simulation as a new epistemic technology comprised of four elements : experiments, models, games, and the computer. As a new technology, the use of simulation had to be justified to the community, where it was understood to provide economists with a microscope to investigate hitherto hidden parts of the economic world and as a means of experiment to create "evidence".RÉSUMÉ. — Cet article replace la naissance de la simulation en économie d...