The evolution of social behaviour in darwinian perspective : Summary. — Social behaviour could not be included in the neodarwinism, for the mere reason that the altruist places himself in a position of weakness and therefore cannot expect his (supposed) altruist genotype to be favoured by natural selection. It is only in 1963, when W. Hamilton proposed the theorem of inclusive fitness, that the convenient solution was found. It is also from this time, that selective evolutions were conceived for several other social behaviours. These developments which make the core of sociobiology, had to face a strong opposition, both in social and in biological sciences. They however stimulated new approaches of human evolution and organisation, among wh...