Anatoly Khazanov, The ethnic situation in the Soviet Union as reflected in Soviet anthropology. The main aim of this paper is to demoastrate that despite the fact that in the Soviet Union anthropology is claimed to be the science of ethnicity, and that Soviet anthropologists have paid particular attention to ethnic studies, they have failed to describe and to adequately estimate modem ethnic developments in the USSR. Instead, they preferred, or simply had to provide "scientific" arguments in support of the Party line. Only on rare occasions and in a semi-Aesopian language few of them pointed out the facts that in specific cases might be considered as contradicting official claims. Even now, in the period of glasnosť, the ethnic situation in...