Although general to every developed country, growth of health spendings has been particularly important in France. However, this movement has not led to a relatively better state of health. In the past, some factors have played an important role but are not so strong anylonger: elimination of supply shortage; extension of the social coverage. Other factors are still very strong: ageing of the population; growth of income; technological innovation. But these factors can explain only a part of the increase in health spendings. Further explanations are to be looked for in the health system organization and regulation. A balance between market and state regulations must be found. Public intervention can be justified by the need of larger effici...