From the religious sect to the philantropic utopia. Social genesis of Western vegetarianism. Far from being a homogeneous and coherent philosophy, vegetarianism, understood as the theory and practice of eating vegetables, is a convenient but inexact label. It is in reality a polemical designation, a rallying point. There are various vegetarianisms associated with different health and social practices and widely differing currents of thought. Vegetarian arguments vary historically in close relation with the political and ideological contexts with which they are associated. In analysing the social genesis of western vegetarianism, this article shows that the religious sect was a principal factor in its origins. From the end of the seventeen...