The French Communist Party first undertook a systematic reevaluation of the national liberal and democratic experience which led it to validate principles it had still recently lowered to the degrading rank of « bourgeois liberties ». Then, making a fine distinction, it dissociated the 1958 Constitution from ils later implementation, to the point of invoking the constitutional « letter » and denouncing its harmful bonapartist uses. After May 1981, its sharp electoral decline led it to reconsider its evaluation of the « presidential fact ». Even if these changes are not immune to tactical or electoral pressures, it remains remarkable that the Constitution's underlying logic has partially led to repentance the party which Waldeck-Rochet used ...