The EMS : Achievements and Perspectives Daniel Gros, Niels Thygesen In the first part of this paper, we examine the past functioning of the EMS. We raise a number of issues concerning the contribution of the system to monetary stability, a major objective of European policies till now. We then draw a number of precise conclusions on the German position vis-à-vis the EMS and on the nature of asymétries arising in a hierarchical system. Capital controls are viewed as a necessary instrument in order to insulate domestic variables and retain some degree of monetary autonomy. However, they probably have not been particularly effective in lessening the tensions between domestic and foreign factors. The rules of management of the EMS have allowed...