Hotelling's theory of exhaustible ressources provides an explanation for the two last oil shocks. Within this framework, the first oil shock can be understood as the introduction of a user cost in a competitive market. The second one can be considered as an attempt by OPEC to reach the monopoly price corresponding to the long run demand curve (about 45 $/barrel). However, in the short run, oil stocks variations have modified this demand curve so that the monopoly price is only about 29-30 $/barrel. The lower limit to the fall of oil prices can be obtained by assuming a return to free compétition (24 $/barrel).La théorie des ressources non renouvelables de Hotelling permet d'interpréter de façon cohérente les deux chocs pétroliers récents. D...