Abstract: Money functions and forms of payment in North Italy in the second half of the 15th century. The account books of Proti Hospital, Vicence. In the historiography of money, scholars have usually used a basically dichotomical approach opposing a monetary pole to a non-monetary or real pole. Nevertheless an analysis of the accounts of the Proti Hospital, a charity organization in Vicence, shows that the distinction is in fact less clear. The very detailed bookkeeping of this institution offers the possibility to discover a set of complex forms of evaluation and exchange and to clarify how money was used outside the market. In the cases here studied, the use of money as a device for measuring the value of things is often independent fro...