VDR inhibits RCC proliferation, migration and invasion.

<p>(A) The MTT assay showed that the proliferation of caki-1 and 786-O cells was significantly inhibited by VDR overexpression and promoted by knockdown of VDR compared with their respective control cells. Each data point represents the mean ± SD of absorbance values. Transwell migration (B) and invasion (C) assays (magnification, ×100) showed that the migration and invasion of 786-O cells were significantly decreased following infection with leVDR lentivirus and were increased following infection with shVDR lentivirus compared with each vector control. The graph indicates the mean ± SD of the number of cells from 5 random high-power fields (magnification, ×200). *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.