The Rule of Law in China and the Modernization of Higher Education Governance

推进现代大学制度建设和高等教育治理现代化，需要转变发展方式，通过深化体制机制综合改革，更加注重内涵建设和有效治理。大学治理的内涵包括：大学内部达到了一种比较和谐的状态，建立一种人人参与、共同治理的结构，建立一种共同的文化。全球现代大学治理模式表现出从“政府管控”到“政府监管”，从“外部指令性控制”到“自我选择性约束”，从“学术自理”到“管理自治”，从“硬治理”到“软治理”四个方面的变化。政府须提高治理大学的能力，为大学提供发展的条件和周到的服务，把大学交给教育家来办；实现从文件化向法律化转变，做到有法可依、有法必依；转变管理理念和管理方式，引入契约式目标管理。要处理好依法治校与高校自身的内部管理两者的关系，在大学内部构建以教授为主导的学者共同体治校模式。推进大学章程建设中需要差别化授权，最终目标是逐步实现“一校一治”。The modern university system and modern higher education governance necessitate new development patterns, comprehensive institutional reforms, capacity and intension building and governance effectiveness. The intension of higher education governance includes the establishment of a common-governance structure and of a culture of community by promoting harmony. Such a pattern is expressed by (1) the shift from governance control to governmental supervision;(2) the shift form external command to selective self-discipline;(3) the shift from academic autonomy to governance autonomy, and (4) the shift from“hard administration”to“soft governance”. The government is required to improve the governance capacity, to provide physical conditions and services and to hand over university to educators;the shift from executive documents dependence to the rule of law should be realized;management philosophy and patterns should be improved, including the introduction of the contractual objective management pattern;the rule of law and the university’s autonomy should be balanced within university;and the governance by the community of professors and other shareholders should be promoted. In terms of the authorization for the university’s constitutionconstruction, the differentiation principle should be adopted in order to realize“customized governance for each university”.国家社科基金一般项目“研究型大学有效治理机制研究”; 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“大学有效治理的形成机理研究”(项目编号12YJA880031)的阶段性研究成果。41-2