Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among children aged 6 ～ 23 months in poor rural areas in China

目的 了解晋黔贫困农村地区6 ～ 23月龄儿童的贫血现况,探究贫血相关的可能危险因素.方法 采用横断面研究设计,调查山西和贵州两省6个贫困县的1 475名6～23月龄的儿童及其看护人.采集儿童末梢血,用HeMocue血红蛋白仪进行测定.采用非条件Logistic回归分析贫血的影响因素. 结果 55.4％的儿童患有贫血,轻度、中度和重度贫血率分别为26.4％、27.9％和1.2％.多因素分析结果显示,与6～11月龄儿童相比,18 ～ 23月龄组儿童的贫血风险较低(OR =0.44,95％ CI:0.30 ～0.64).母乳喂养与儿童贫血风险增加有关(OR=1.61,95％ CI:1.19 ～2.18).此外,维生素和矿物质摄入与儿童贫血风险降低有关(OR =0.70,95％ CI:0.54 ～0.92). 结论 晋黔贫困农村地区6～23月龄儿童的贫血率较高,需要采取综合措施进行干预.Objective The study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and explore risk factors of anemia among children aged 6 ～ 23 months in poor rural areas in China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in six poverty-stricken counties in Shanxi and Guizhou provinces.Household interviews were completed on 1 475 children aged 6-23 months and their caregivers.Capillary blood samples were collected and hemoglobin concentration were determined using automated blood analyzer.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors of anemia.Results Overall,55.4％ of children suffered from anemia.The prevalence of mild anemia,moderate anemia,and severe anemia were 26.4％,27.9％ and 1.2％,respectively.Compared with children aged 6 ～ 11 months,children aged 18 ～ 23 months showed sharply reduced risk of anemia (odds ratios,OR =0.44,95％ confidence interval,95％ CI:0.30 ～ 0.64).Children who were breastfed showed increased risk of anemia (OR =1.61,95％ CI:1.19 ～ 2.18).Supplementation of vitamins and minerals showed protective effect of anemia (OR =0.70,95％ CI:0.54 ～ 0.92).Conclusion High prevalence of anemia among children aged 6 ～ 23 months highlighting the need for scaling up a more comprehensive interventions package to combat anemia in rural China.联合国儿童基金会“Health and Nutrition”5416-4202