The Shared Rights of Personality and the Division of Ownership of Biospecimens

生物样本包括载体、环境暴露信息、遗传信息三个要素,其中遗传信息决定了对生物样本的研究与传统研究所引起的伦理法律问题的不同,主要包括同意的方式、再次同意、保密、样本和数据的所有权问题、利益的公正分配问题、商业化和利益冲突等.类似于建筑物的区分所有权现象,生物样本遗传信息具有多个权利主体的人格权益的局部共有以及财产权利区分所有的特性.“多个权利主体”包括但不限于样本提供者、血亲、族群乃至国家.样本提供者享有生物样本的原初所有权,但不享有研究机构的专利权.The donor,environmental exposure information and genetic information are three elements of the biospecimen.The genetic information distinguishes research of biospecimen from traditional medical researches with special ethical and legal issues,such as the way of consent,re-consent,confidentiality,ownership of samples and data,equitable distribution of benefits,commercialization and conflicts of interests etc.Similar to the division of ownership of buildings,the rights of personality and property of genetic information are shared or possessed separately.The rights subjects include,but are not limited to,the sample donors,the relatives,the ethnic group,and even the country.The sample donor is entitled to the original ownership of the biospecimen,but not possessing or sharing the patent rights of the research institution.320-253