Nonlinear Transport Measurement of Graphene in the Quantum Hall Regime

Graphene,a single atomic layer of graphite,has been endowed with numerous peculiar properties that made the atomic membrane one of the most intensely studied materials in recent years.One of the applications of graphene is that,it could be used as a new resistance standard,as the energy band gap between the Landau levels is particularly large compares to that of the well-studied two-dimensional electron gas under high magnetic field.Real world applications,however,would require the graphene sample be excited with a relatively large current bias,as compares to the vanishing AC bias,typically used in the measurement of quantum Hall states in two dimensional electron systems.When a large current bias is applied to graphene under the quantum Hall regime,nonlinear behavior arises.We found that graphene under large current bias exhibit two types of nonlinear behavior,and shall discuss these behavior in detail.Graphene,a single atomic layer of graphite,has been endowed with numerous peculiar properties that made the atomic membrane one of the most intensely studied materials in recent years.One of the applications of graphene is that,it could be used as a new resistance standard,as the energy band gap between the Landau levels is particularly large compares to that of the well-studied two-dimensional electron gas under high magnetic field.Real world applications,however,would require the graphene sample be excit中华人民共和国商务部、中华人民共和国文化部、中华人民共和国环保部、中华人民共和国海关总署、国务院发展研究中心、国家旅游局、国家能源局、国家外国专家局、中国国际贸易促进委员会、国家开发银行、中国进出口银行、陕西省人民政府、国际欧亚科学院、上海合作组织秘书处、