Long-term outcomes of extremely preterm infants and extremely low birth weight infants with low one-minute Apgar score

目的 探讨1 min低Apgar评分对超早产儿/超低出生体重儿预后的影响.方法 北京大学第三医院新生儿重症监护病房2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日收治的生后1 min低Apgar评分(≤7分)的超早产儿(出生胎龄<28周)和超低出生体重儿(出生体重<1000 g)共50例纳入分析.根据1 min Apgar评分分为轻度低Apgar评分组(4~7分)和重度低Apgar评分组(0~3分).回顾病历资料并随访患儿至18月龄.总结研究对象围产期及住院期间情况,并采用Fisher精确概率法比较轻度低Apgar评分和重度低Apgar评分患儿的转归和随访结果.结果 (1)一般情况:50例患儿平均胎龄为(27.7±2.1)周,出生体重为(884.4±174.3)g.轻度低Apgar评分组37例,重度低Apgar评分组13例.(2)住院期间主要合并症(部分患儿不止一种合并症):新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征42例、肺出血12例、支气管肺发育不良21例、动脉导管未闭31例、脑室内出血36例、脑白质损伤22例、早产儿视网膜病6例.(3)转归:救治存活率48%(24/50),病死率52%(26/50).26例死亡患儿中救治无效死亡5例,家长放弃治疗死亡21例(均在放弃治疗后72 h内死亡).轻度低Apgar评分组患儿的存活率、救治无效和放弃治疗死亡率与重度低Apgar评分组比较,差异无统计学意义[43%(16/37)与8/13;11%(4/37)与1/13;46%(17/37)与4/13;Fisher精确概率法,P值均>0.05].(4)随访:存活患儿中21例完成随访.随访正常4例,体格发育落后和反复呼吸道感染10例,运动发育落后7例.重度低Apgar评分组患儿运动发育落后的发生率高于轻度低Apgar评分组(5/8与2/13,Fisher精确概率法,P=0.046).结论 1 min低Apgar评分超早产儿/超低出生体重儿院内合并症多,病死率高,远期运动发育落后发生率高.Objective To investigate the relationships between low one-minute Apgar score and the prognosis of extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI). Methods Altogether 50 EPI and ELBWI who had a low one-minute Apgar score ( ≤ 7) and were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Peking University Third Hospital from January 1,2010 to December 31, 2015 were enrolled in this study. All of them were divided into two groups according to their Apgar score: mild group (4-7) and severe group (0-3). Medical records of the subjects were reviewed and an at least 18 months follow up study was conducted. Conditions of all subjects during perinatal period and hospitalization were summarized. Outcomes and follow-up results were compared between the two groups by using Fisher exact test. Results (1) General information: Fifty infants were involved, among which 37 had a mild low Apgar score and 13 had a severe low Apgar score. The mean gestational age was (27.7±2.1) weeks and the mean birth weight was (884.4±174.3) grams. (2) Main complications (some infants with more than one complication): There were 42 cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, 12 cases of pulmonary hemorrhage, 21 cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 31 cases of patent ductus arteriosus, 36 cases of intraventricular hemorrhage, 22 cases of white matter damage and six cases of retinopathy of prematurity. (3) Outcomes: The survival rate was 48% (24/50) and the mortality rate was 52% (26/50). Among the 26 infants, five died despite treatment and 21 died within 72 hours after their parents giving up treatment. There were no significant differences in the survival rates, mortality rates and rates of abandon treatment between the two groups [43% (16/37) vs 8/13; 11%(4/37) vs 1/13; 46% (17/37) vs 4/13; Fisher exact test, all P>0.05]. (4) Follow-up results: Twenty-one infants were followed-up to at least 18 months of age, among which four were normal, 10 had growth retardation and recurrent respiratory tract infection and seven had motor development retardation. The incidence of motor development retardation in severe group was higher than that in mild group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (5/8 vs 2/13, Fisher exact test, P=0.046). Conclusions EPI or ELBWI with a low one-minute Apgar score have many nosocomial complications, resulting in high mortality and high incidence of motor development retardation.中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)5366-3702