Quark flavor mixings from hierarchical mass matrices

In this paper, we extend the Fritzsch ansatz of quark mass matrices while retaining their hierarchical structures and show that the main features of the CabibboKobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix V, including vertical bar V-us vertical bar similar or equal to vertical bar V-cd vertical bar, vertical bar V-cb vertical bar similar or equal to vertical bar V-ts vertical bar and vertical bar V-ub vertical bar/vertical bar V-cb vertical bar< vertical bar V-td vertical bar/vertical bar V-ts vertical bar, can be well understood. This agreement is observed especially when the mass matrices have non-vanishing (1, 3) and (3, 1) offdiagonal elements. The phenomenological consequences of these for the allowed texture content and gross structural features of 'hierarchical' quark mass matrices are addressed from a model-independent prospective under the assumption of factorizable phases in these. The approximate and analytical expressions of the CKM matrix elements are derived and a detailed analysis reveals that such structures are in good agreement with the observed quark flavor mixing angles and the CP-violating phase at the 1s level and call upon a further investigation of the realization of these structures from a top-down prospective.Natural Science Foundation of China [11375207]; President's International Fellowship of CAS; National Youth Thousand Talents Program; CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP)SCI(E)ARTICLE57