Significant lateral dip changes may have limited the scale of the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake

The 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake has drawn interest due to its complex fault geometry. Both geodetic and geologic studies have focused on the dip variations. In this study we invert the coseismic geodetic data for the 2-D dip variations of the earthquake. The best fit model confirms that the dip varies with depth, and suggests that there is a significant lateral dip anomaly along strike. The depth-dependent dip variation suggests that the earthquake ruptured a ramp-flat fault. The shallow ramp may have prevented the rupture breaking through the surface. In addition, a lateral large-dip anomaly is found in the northeastern corner of the slip area, which supports the previous findings of inferred interseismic fault coupling, coseismic high-frequency radiations, and the aftershock mechanisms. This lateral dip anomaly is likely associated with local tearing within the Indian slab. It may have blocked the east-southeastward rupture propagations of the Gorkha earthquake, implying important controls on the earthquake scale and the spatial limits of ruptures.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41541035, 41574035]SCI(E)ARTICLE178847-88564