Detection and management of the vascular paths in the lateral sinus wall using cone beam computed tomography

目的:回顾临床病例资料,分析上颌窦前外侧壁骨内血管孔道的锥形束CT(cone beam computer tomography,CBCT)定位方法及其在上颌窦侧壁开窗提升手术中的临床应对措施.方法:回顾分析71例(81侧)上颌窦侧壁开窗植骨术(上颌窦外提升)病例的临床及影像学检查资料,通过CBCT影像资料测量分析上颌第一磨牙缺失位点相对上颌窦前外侧壁骨内血管孔道的位置及其临床应对措施.结果:71例(81侧)上颌窦外提升病例中,术前CBCT曲面断层模拟功能可以判断上颌窦前外侧壁近远中区域骨内存在血管孔道77侧(95.1%).应用CBCT冠状面断层功能局部可观察到上颌第一磨牙缺失位点相对上颌窦外侧骨壁血管孔道54侧(66.7%),其中3侧(3.7%)可见两条水平向大致平行走行的血管,另外27侧(33.3%)未见明显血管孔道.81侧的影像资料中有6侧两位医师的诊断不一致,CBCT诊断的一致性kappa值为0.842(P<0.001).54侧检出第一磨牙缺失位点上颌窦外侧骨壁内存在血管孔道的病例中,最低位置血管孔道距离牙槽嵴顶水平的平均距离为(13.0±4.7) mm(最小3 mm、最大 28 mm),距离上颌窦底水平的平均距离为(9.3±4.8) mm,其中1侧检出上颌窦底骨壁内血管孔道.根据手术记录,上颌窦侧壁开窗术中解剖骨壁内血管4侧,开窗有意识避开血管3侧,1侧因出血而中断手术,73侧手术记录中未见血管相关记录.结论:上颌窦前外侧骨壁血管孔道CBCT检出率较高,术前CBCT检查具有较高的可靠性,有助于完善手术设计、降低术中损伤上颌窦前外侧骨壁内血管的风险.Objective: To detect the vascular paths in the lateral wall of maxillary sinus using cone beam computer tomography (CBCT), and to retrospect the surgical managements of avoiding bleeding complication during the lateral approach maxillary sinus elevation.Methods: The documents of 71 consecutive patients with 81 sides maxillary sinus elevation surgery were collected.The vascular paths in the lateral wall of maxillary sinus were detected by the preoperative CBCT, and the messages about the vascular in surgical records were analyzed.Results: The paths of the vascular could be detected in 77 (95.1%) sides maxillary sinus in the reconstruction panoramic images of CBCT.At the position of the first molar, the paths of the vascular of the lateral maxillary sinus walls could be detected in 54 sides (66.7%) in the reconstruction coronal images of CBCT, and the other 27 sides (33.3%) could not be detected.Two approximately parallel paths of the vascular were found in 3 sides (3.7%) of the lateral maxillary sinus walls.The different diagnoses occurred in 6 sinuses between two observers.The kappa of diagnostic consistency of the two observers was 0.842 (P<0.001).The mean distance between the lower border of the vascular path to the plane of the alveolar crest of 54 sides maxillary sinuses was about (13.0±4.7) mm.The mean distance between lower border of vascular path to the plane of the floor of the sinus was (9.3±4.8) mm.The vascular path was located in the floor wall in 1 sinus.During the lateral approach maxillary sinus elevation operation, intraosseous vessels were dissected in 4 sides sinus lateral wall, the vascular path was avoided consciously in 3 sides, and the sinus elevation surgery had to be given up in 1 side for the vessel was torn and bleeding.There were no vascular related messages in 73 sides of the lateral approach maxillary sinus elevation operation records.Conclusion: The vascular paths of maxillary sinus wall could be detected by CBCT in most cases.Preoperative CBCT examination was proved to be reliable.The vascular paths of maxillary sinus wall should be examined carefully.It was helpful to make the surgical design perfectible and reduce the risk of tearing the vessel in operation.中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)3540-5464