Nitrogen Group Retaining Reaction in the Transformation of Diazo Compounds

重氮化合物是一类非常重要的有机合成中间体,它在有机合成化学以及药物设计研发、化学生物学、材料化学等领域具有重要的应用价值.传统的重氮化合物的转化反应类型包括了Wolff重排,经由过渡金属卡宾或者类卡宾中间体的插入反应,催化的环丙烷化反应,以及近年来发展的过渡金属催化的经由卡宾中间体的交叉偶联反应等.重氮化合物除了发生作为卡宾前体的经典反应之外,它们还可以经由氮基团保留的转化过程,在目标分子中保留重氮基团或者其它含氮原子的官能团.该种策略提供了一种高效而选择性地构筑含氮功能分子、尤其是官能化的氮杂环的合成途径.其中,不对称的C—N键的选择性构筑,以及不对称的氮杂环分子的组装,仍然具有重要的合成价...Diazo compounds represent a type of very important synthetic intermediates, which demonstrate wide applications in organic synthesis, continuous-in-flow technology, polymer synthesis, medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, material science and many other fields. On the other hand, diazo intermediates can be easily prepared from commercial available substrates through facile transformations, such as base-promoted decomposition of N-tosylhydrazones, diazo-transfer reaction, diazotization of alkyl amines, oxidation of hydrazones, decomposition of N-nitroso compounds. Traditional transformations of diazo compounds include nucleophilic addition/substitution by using diazo compounds as the nucleophiles, ylide type reactions, dimerization or olefination, Wolff rearrangement, transition-metal-carbene or carbenoid mediated X-H insertion reactions, catalytic cyclopropanations or cyclopropenations, and the recently developed transition-metal-catalyzed carbenoid cross-coupling reactions. In addition to these classic reactions, the diazo compounds also undergo nitrogen group retaining reactions, in which the diazo moiety is incorporated into the nitrogen-containing moiety in the target molecules. This strategy has provided an efficient and selective synthetic approach towards nitrogen atom containing functional molecules, especially for the synthesis of various N-heterocyclic compounds. Among them, the enantioselective C-N bond forming reaction as well as the asymmetric N-heterocyclic scaffold construction has important synthetic value and remains great challenge to the organic chemists. Thus, nitrogen component retaining reactions of diazo compounds has opened up a superior avenue in organic synthesis. Considering about the significant importance and the great growth in the past decade of this area, this review article will focus on the nitrogen group retaining reaction of diazo compounds. According to the reaction mechanism of these transformations, this review will be divided into the following parts: diazo compounds as nucleophiles, diazo compounds as 1,3-dipoles in cycloaddition reaction, diazo compounds as electrophiles, intramolecular reactions of vinyldiazo compounds, reduction reaction, and miscellaneous transformation. We hope that this review will corroborate the practical use of this research area as a convenient and valuable synthetic strategy.Tianjin Normal University [5RL138]SCI(E)中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU)中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)qiudi@pku.edu.cn06472-4877