A multi-layer model of roughness effect in turbulent pipes

Turbulent rough pipe flow has been a theoretical challenge for nearly eighty years.Notable recent findings include several ways of obtaining a single collapsed curve,called scaling function,for a series of roughness heights and Reynolds numbers(Re).Here,weTurbulent rough pipe flow has been a theoretical challenge for nearly eighty years.Notable recent findings include several ways of obtaining a single collapsed curve,called scaling function,for a series of roughness heights and Reynolds numbers(Re).Here,weThe International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(IUTAM)、The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CST