Relic right-handed Dirac neutrinos and implications for detection of cosmic neutrino background

It remains to be determined experimentally if massive neutrinos are Majorana or Dirac particles. In this connection, it has been recently suggested that the detection of cosmic neutrino background of left-handed neutrinos nu(L) and right-handed antineutrinos (nu) over bar (R) in future experiments of neutrino capture on beta-decaying nuclei (e.g., nu(e) + H-3 -> He-3 + e(-) for the PTOLEMY experiment) is likely to distinguish between Majorana and Dirac neutrinos, since the capture rate is twice larger in the former case. In this paper, we investigate the possible impact of right-handed neutrinos on the capture rate, assuming that massive neutrinos are Dirac particles and both right-handed neutrinos nu(R) and left-handed antineutrinos (nu) over bar (L) can be efficiently produced in the early Universe. It turns out that the capture rate can be enhanced at most by 28% due to the presence of relic nu(R) and (nu) over bar (L) with a total number density of 95 cm(-3), which should be compared to the number density 336 cm(-3) of cosmic neutrino background. The enhancement has actually been limited by the latest cosmological and astrophysical bounds on the effective number of neutrino generations N-eff = 3.14(-0.43)(+0.44) at the 95% confidence level. For illustration, two possible scenarios have been proposed for thermal production of right-handed neutrinos in the early Universe. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Innovation Program of the Institute of High Energy Physics [Y4515570U1]; National Youth Thousand Talents Program; CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP)SCI(E)ARTICLEzhangjue@ihep.ac.cn; zhoush@ihep.ac.cn211-22590