Application of endoscopic submucosal dissection in treatment of early gastric cancer

目的:评价国内单中心采用内镜黏膜下剥离术( endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)治疗早期胃癌( early gastric cancer, EGC)的安全性及有效性. 方法:回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院2011年1月至2013年12月因单发EGC接受ESD治疗病例的临床病理资料,分别从临床特征、病理结果、治愈性评价、手术并发症及术后随访几个方面进行分析. 结果:共计116例EGC病例纳入本研究,包括男性88例,女性28例,中位年龄63岁( 25~80岁). 术后病理组织学分型包括高级别上皮内瘤变28例(24. 1%)、高分化腺癌35例(30. 2%)、中分化腺癌35例(30. 2%)及低分化腺癌18例(15. 5%). 87例(75. 0%)肿瘤局限于黏膜层,18例(15. 5%)侵及黏膜下层浅层,11例(9. 5%)侵及黏膜下层深层. 病灶平均直径(1. 49 ± 0. 96) cm,17例(14. 7%) EGC合并溃疡形成. 病灶整块切除率为95. 7%(111/116),完整切除率为93. 1%(108/116),总治愈性切除率为77. 6%(90/116),其中,62 例(53. 4%)为标准的治愈性切除(standard curative resection, sCR), 28例(24. 2%)为扩大的治愈性切除(expanded curative resection, eCR),26例(22. 4%)为非治愈性切除(non-curative resection, nCR). sCR组病灶平均直径小于eCR组及nCR组,差异具有统计学意义(t= -4. 121, P<0. 001及t= -3. 420, P=0. 001). nCR组0~Ⅲ型病例的比例及合并溃疡形成的比例更高,且差异具有统计学意义(χ2 =10. 287, P=0. 006及χ2 =17. 737, P<0. 001).多因素分析显示,EGC合并溃疡形成及肿瘤浸润黏膜下层是导致非治愈性切除的因素( OR=6. 634, P=0. 006及OR=12. 735, P<0. 001). ESD相关并发症包括术后出血4例(3. 4%)、术中穿孔3例(2. 6%)、术后贲门狭窄2例(1. 7%)及术后心衰1例(0. 9%). 共有106例患者进入随访,除1例于术后8个月出现局部复发外,其余105例患者未见复发及转移,中位随访时间为22个月(12~47个月). 结论:ESD是治疗EGC安全且可行的手段,合并溃疡形成及肿瘤浸润达黏膜下层是导致非治愈性切除的因素,穿孔及术后出血是主要的并发症.Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD ) for early gastric cancer ( EGC) in a single center in China. Methods:We performed a retrospective ana-lysis of the patients with single EGC lesion who received ESD in Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013. Their clinicopathologic data, resectability, curability, complications and follow-up data were assessed. Results:A total of 116 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients in-cluded 88 men and 28 women, with a median age of 63 years ( range:25-80 years) . The post-operative histology of the lesions included 28 (24. 1%) high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 35 (30. 2%) well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 35 (30. 2%) moderated differentiated adenocarcinoma and 18 (15. 5%) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Of all the lesions, 75. 0% (87/116) were confined into mucosa, 15. 5% (18/116) invaded SM1 ( <500 μm from the muscularis mucosae) and 9. 5% (11/116) inva-ded SM2 (≥500 μm from the muscularis mucosae). The mean tumor size was (1. 49 ± 0. 96) cm, and the rate of ulceration was 14. 7% (17/116). The en bloc resection rates were 96. 7% (111/116), com-plete resection rates were 93. 1% (108/116) and curative resection rates were 77. 6% (90/116). Ac-cording to the curability, 62 (53. 4%) cases were classified into the standard curative resection ( sCR) group, 28 (24. 2%) into the expanded curative resection ( eCR) group and 26 (22. 4%) into thenon-curative resection ( nCR) group. The mean tumor size of the sCR group was smaller than that of the eCR and nCR group (t= -4. 121, P<0. 001 and t= -3. 420, P=0. 001). In the nCR group, the portion of type 0-Ⅲlesion and ulceration were significantly higher (χ2 =10 . 287 , P=0 . 006 andχ2 =17 . 737 , P<0. 001). In multivariate analysis, EGC with ulceration and submucosal invasion were the risk factors for non-curative resection ( OR=6 . 634 , P=0 . 006 and OR=12 . 735 , P<0 . 001 ) . The ESD-related complications included 4 ( 3. 4%) post-operative bleeding, 3 ( 2. 6%) intra-operative perforation, 2 (1. 7%) cardiac stenosis and 1 (0. 9%) heart failure. In the study, 106 of the 116 patients received periodic follow-up, during a median follow-up of 22 months(12 -47 months), Local tumor recurrence developed in 1 patient of the eCR group 8 months post the ESD. Conclusion:ESD is a safe and feasible option for EGC in China, ulceration and submucosal invasion are associated with non-curative resection, and post-operative bleeding and intra-operative perforation should be concerned as the main complica-tions.PubMed中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU)中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)6945-9514