Effect on maternal blood dilution of fetoscopic laser occlusion of chorioangiopagous vessels in treating twin to twin transfusion syndrome

目的：探讨双胎输血综合征（TTTS）孕妇行胎儿镜激光凝固胎盘吻合血管（FLOC）术对于孕妇血液稀释状态的影响。方法收集2009年5月至2014年11月在北京大学第三医院产科接受FLOC术治疗的TTTS孕妇共71例，对TTTS孕妇进行Quintero临床分期，并回顾性分析FLOC术围手术期24 h内TTTS孕妇的液体净入量，术前及术后血常规、血压及心率的变化。结果（1）71例TTTS孕妇Quintero临床分期Ⅰ期9例、Ⅱ期24例、Ⅲ期28例、Ⅳ期10例。（2）71例孕妇FLOC术时间平均为（64.0±16.3）min，剔除术中发生胎盘浅表血管破裂1例、术后发生胎盘早剥1例和术后未复查血常规者6例，余63例于术后24 h内复查血常规等指标。（3）TTTS孕妇术中的中位出血量3 ml，围手术期24 h内中位液体入量为2050 ml，中位尿量为2300 ml，中位羊水引流量为1900 ml。围手术期24 h内液体中位净入量为-1760 ml（-100 ml~-3350 ml）。（4）63例孕妇FLOC术前及术后红细胞计数分别为（3.47±0.36）及（3.01±0.37）×1012/L、血红蛋白水平分别为（107.8±12.1）及（95.1±11.2）g/L、血细胞比容中位数分别为0.313及0.276，术后较术前均明显下降，差异均有统计学意义（P=0.000）；术后孕妇的收缩压、舒张压及心率分别与术前比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。（5）羊水引流量为1000～1999 ml的孕妇术前与术后的红细胞计数差值为（0.37±0.25）×1012/L、血红蛋白水平差值为（8.7±8.5）g/L，血细胞比容中位数差值为0.027；羊水引流量为2000～3000 ml的孕妇分别为（0.47±0.31）×1012/L、（14.3±10.9）g/L及0.043，两者的血细胞比容中位数差值比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两者的红细胞计数差值、血红蛋白水平差值、收缩压及舒张压、心率差值分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 TTTS孕妇FLOC术后容易发生明显的血液稀释，术中羊水引流量越多，孕妇血液稀释的程度越明显。其原因可能与FLOC术中同时行羊水减量、激光凝固胎盘浅表吻合血管后胎盘循环改善以及术后应用宫缩抑制剂有关。因此，需关注TTTS孕妇FLOC术后心功能和稀释性贫血所致的并发症。Objective To evaluate the effect on maternal blood dilution of fetoscopic laser occlusion of chorioangiopagous vessels (FLOC) in treating twin to twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS). Methods The clinical data of 71 cases of TTTS who had FLOC in Peking University Third Hospital were reviewed. Fluid intake, blood pressure, heart rate, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit in perioperative 24 hours were analyzed. Results (1)According to the Quintero staging, 9 cases were stageⅠ, 24 were stageⅡ,28 were stageⅢand 10 cases were stageⅣ.(2)The average operation time of FLOC was (64.0±16.3) minutes. One case had placental abruption after the procedure;one had placental vessel rupture and 6 women refused to take blood counting. These 8 cases were excluded and 63 cases were included in the study. (3) The perioperative bleeding volume was 3 (1, 5) ml, and the volume of fluid intake, urine, amniotic fluid drainage and net fluid intake in the perioperative 24 hours was 2 050 ml(1 530 ml, 3 700 ml), 2 300 ml (1 100 ml, 3 500 ml), 1 900 ml (1 400 ml, 2 700 ml) and -1 760 ml (-100 ml,-3 350 ml), respectively. There was no significant difference between maternal blood pressure or heart rate preoperatively and postoperatively.(4)The maternal red blood cell count [(3.47±0.36)×1012/L versus (3.01± 0.37) × 1012/L, P=0.000], hemoglobin [(107.8 ± 12.1) g/L versus (95.1 ± 11.2) g/L, P=0.000] and hematocrit [0.313(0.238, 0.387) versus 0.276(0.213, 0.800), P=0.000] decreased significantly 24 hours after FLOC.(5) The postoperative hematocrit decreased more in the group which the amniotic fluid drainage volume was 2 000- 3 000 ml than that in the group which the amniotic fluid drainage volume was 1 000-1 999 ml. Conclusions The blood dilution can not be ignored after the FLOC in TTTS patients. The more the amniodrainage volume during the FLOC, the more the maternal blood dilution would be. It might result from amniodrainage during the FLOC, improved maternal-placenta circulation and tocolytics used after FLOC. More attention should be take about maternal cardiac function and complications related with anemia after FLOC.PubMed中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU)中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)113-175